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North Korea Update, September 26, 2017

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Starting at last week’s UN General Assembly, the war of words between US and North Korean leaders has been steadily escalating, but things got even more serious yesterday for two reasons.

First, the North Korean foreign minister said Trump had “declared war” on North Korea with his tweets.

Second, the same foreign minister said North Korea reserves the right to shoot down US bombers, even if they are not in North Korean airspace.

This is no doubt in retaliation to the US flying bombers very close to North Korea in a recent show of force.

Of the two statements, the later is much more important than the former for this simple reason: The
war of words can escalate, but the event that makes North Korea a bearish game changer for stocks would be the firing (but not necessarily striking) of a missile or rocket at anything US, including planes or Guam.

The North Korean threat to fire a missile at US war planes operating outside of North Korean airspace ups
the ante and creates another opportunity for a potential incident.

From a market standpoint, despite the uptick in tension, and despite yesterday’s mid-day dip, I don’t think the North Korean threat is going to cause a pullback, at least not in its current situation. Taxes (will we get cuts?), rates (will they rise?), inflation (will it gain momentum?), the dollar (will it appreciate?) all are much more important in the near term for stocks than North Korea.

But, that said, clearly this is something that can still move markets and dominate the headlines, so we’ll continue to watch it for you and look for signs of it legitimately becoming a bearish game changer for stocks.

For now, and until North Korea shoots at something US, the situation remains more bluster than bearish (although it still makes me uncomfortable).

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When Will Rate Hikes Kill The Rally?

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When Will the Fed Kill the Bull Market? (Or, What is the Neutral Fed Funds Rate?)

A lot of clichés on Wall Street aren’t worth the paper they’re printed on, but one saying I have found to be  quite accurate is: Bull Markets Don’t Die From Old Age. It’s the Fed that Kills Them.

At least over the last 20 years, that has largely proven true. The general script goes like this:

First, the Fed starts raising rates because financial conditions have become too easy (this should sound familiar). In this cycle, rate hikes began in December 2015 but importantly, they are starting to accelerate.

Second, those rate hikes cause the yield curve to invert. That happens as bond investors sell short-term Treasuries and send short-term yields higher (because the Fed is raising short-term rates), and buy longer-dated Treasuries, pushing those yields lower, because investors know the rate hikes will eventually cut off economic activity. In this cycle, the yield curve hasn’t inverted yet, but the 10s—2s Treasury yield spread has fallen from over 2% in late-2014 to fresh, multi-year lows at 0.77% (as of Sept. 5).

Third, the inversion of the yield curve is a loud-and-clear “last call” on the bull market. The rally doesn’t end when the curve inverts, but it’s a clear sign that the end is much closer to the beginning. In this cycle: We are not at that inversion step yet, although we are getting uncomfortably close.

Fourth, after the curve inverts, the Fed keeps hiking rates until economic momentum is halted. During the last two economic downturns (2001/2002 and 2008/2009) the Fed was able to hike rates to 6.5% and 5.25%, respectively, before effectively killing the bull market.

But just as the Fed continues to cut rates after the economy has bottomed, it also hikes rates after economic growth has stalled (because of the lag time between rate hikes and the effect on the economy).

So, it’s reasonable to assume the actual Fed Funds rate level which caused the slowdown/bear market is at least 25 to 50 basis points below those high yields, so 6% or 6.25% in ’01/’02 and 4.75% or 5% in ’08/’09.

In this cycle, the most important question we can ask is: At what level of rates does the Fed kill the expansion and the rally? That number, which the Fed calls the “neutral” Fed Funds rate is thought to be somewhere between 2.5% and 3% this time around (at least according to Fed projections).

However, we’ve never come out of a cycle where we’ve had:
1. Four separate rounds of QE

2. The maintaining of a multi-trillion dollar balance sheet

3. Eight-plus years of basically 0% interest rates

4. Eight-plus years of sub-3% GDP growth

So, common sense would tell us that this “neutral” Fed funds rate is going to be much, much lower than it’s been in the past.

How much lower remains the critical question (2.5%? 2.0%? 1.5?)

This is really important, because if the answer is 1.5%, we’re going to hit that early next year (it likely isn’t 1.5%, but it may not be much higher).

And, what impact will balance sheet reduction have on this neutral rate?

Again, common sense would tell us that balance sheet reduction makes the neutral rate lower than in the past, because balance sheet reduction is a form of policy tightening that will go on while rates are rising (so it’s a double tightening whammy).

There are two important takeaways from this analysis.

First, while clearly the tone of this analysis is cautious, it’s important to realize that the yield curve has not inverted yet, so we haven’t heard that definitive “last call” on the rally. And, just like at an actual last call, there’s still some time and momentum left afterwards, so an inverted curve is a signal to get ready to reduce exposure, not a signal to do so that minute.

Second, on a longer-term basis, if the Fed really is serious about hiking rates, then this bull market is coming to an end, and the risk is for it happening sooner rather than later. Because the level at which rate hikes cause a slowdown and kill the bull market is likely to be much, much lower than anything we’ve seen before (unless there is a big uptick in economic activity).

That is why I said yesterday that if the Fed is serious about consistently hiking rates going forward, that the “hourglass” may have finally been flipped on the bull run. So, while hitting that “Neutral” Fed funds rate Is hopefully at least a few quarters away (unless things are way worse than we think) it’s my job to watch for these types of tectonic shifts in the market so that we’re all prepared to act when the time is right. We will be watching this closely.

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Is It Time to Buy Our Reflation Basket, September 21, 2017

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Trading Color and Bottom Line: Is It Time To Allocate to Our “Reflation Basket”?

There’s a simple question that we need to address following the Fed’s hawkishly interpreted announcement: “Is it now time to rotate out of defensives (super-cap internet, healthcare, utilities, staples) and into cyclicals/reflationary sectors?”

I bring this up for two reasons.

First, getting this rotation right was the key to outperforming in 2016, and I don’t think it will be different this year. Second, there are growing signs that it may be time to make this tactical rotation.

Looking at the sector trading yesterday, it was a classic “reflation rotation.” Tech, utilities and consumer staples (sectors that have outperformed YTD) all lagged the market while cyclical sectors (which have badly underperformed) rose. Meanwhile, banks surged 1.1%, energy rose 0.35% and industrials gained 0.73%, while consumer discretionary rallied 0.34%. Additionally, small caps (which have been laggards YTD but are playing catch up in a hurry), rose 0.35% and the Russell 2000 was again the best-performing major index.

So, to answer the question of whether we need to begin to rotate into these cyclical sectors, I believe the answer depends on your time frame.

For medium- and longer-term investors, I continue to believe the answer is “no,” or at least “not yet.”
However, for short term oriented, tactical traders/investors, legging into some reflation/cyclical sectors at
these levels could make sense.

For medium and longer term investors/advisors, I’m looking for two key indicators to tell me when to rotate
into cyclicals.

First, I want to see the bank index ($BKX) hit a new high for the year. That means trading above $99.77, and closing above $99.33 (so call it 100 to make it easy).

Second, I want to see 10-year yields close above 2.40% (currently 2.28%).

If those two signals are elected, then for medium- and longer-term advisors/investors, I would advocate booking (large) profits in healthcare (XLV/IHF/IBB), super-cap internet (FDN), consumer staples (XLP) and utilities (XLU).

And, I would advocate allocating those dollars to our “Reflation Basket” we introduced earlier this summer: KRE/KBE (bank exposure), XLI (global industrials), IWM (small caps), TBT/TBF (short bonds). Additionally, I view yesterday’s price action as position for European financials and EUFN specifically.

Again, for those investors who are nimble and can stand some pain, establishing positions now does make some sense. But, for the remainder (again medium– and longer-term investors) I’d wait until those two indicators (BKX and 10-year yield) have been elected.

Regardless, we are witnessing a potential sea change in the outlook for central bank policy, and that’s going to require more vigilance on the part of advisors and investors.

If the global rate-hike cycle is now underway, then the proverbial hour glass just got flipped and the sand is now running out on the eight-year bull market (more on that in tomorrow’s issue).

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Import and Export Price Analysis, September 20, 2017

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Import and Export Prices
• Import Prices rose 0.6% vs. (E) 0.4% in August
• Export Prices rose 0.6% vs. (E) 0.2% in August

Takeaway
A normally overlooked price report, Import and Export Prices came out yesterday and the release is worth mentioning. The headlines showed a decent upside beat in both import and export prices, which underscored the uptick in inflation we saw last week in several overseas CPI reports including China, Britain and India.

The reason this is worth pointing out is the bond market. Over the last several weeks, firming inflation overseas has become a recurring theme that has started to influence global fixed income markets, including Treasuries, pushing yields higher despite the fact that US inflation still remains very low.

Bottom line, yesterday’s Import and Export Prices report is showing the effects of both a weaker dollar, but also the fact that global inflation is beginning to edge higher.

From a macroeconomic standpoint that is encouraging for the reflation trade argument.

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FOMC Preview, September 19, 2017

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On the surface, tomorrow’s FOMC meeting is expected to be relatively anti-climactic. The Fed is expected to go forward with balance sheet reduction while keeping interest rates unchanged. But, this is a meeting where the Fed will produce updated “dots,” and combined with the fact that the market is very complacent with regards to a December rate hike (i.e. the market doesn’t expect it) there is the chance for a hawkish surprise.

From a practical standpoint, the key here is how the 10- year yield reacts. If the Fed is marginally (or outright)  hawkish and the 10-year yield pushes through short-term resistance at 2.27% and longer-term resistance at 2.40%, that could be a tactical game changer and warrant profit taking in defensive sectors, and rotation to more cyclical sectors.

Hawkish If: The Fed provides a (very) mildly hawkish surprise if the “dots” show one more rate hike in 2017 (so unchanged from June). Specifically, in June four Fed votes expected just two rate hikes in 2017. If that number decreases to three or two, it will be a mild hawkish surprise. The Fed will provide a more serious hawkish surprise if the dots show another rate hike in ’17 and an additional rate hike in 2018 (so the median dots staying at 1.375% for ’17 and rising to 2.375% from the current 2.125% in ’18).

Likely Market Reaction. Stocks: If it’s a mildly hawkish surprise, then it should…(withheld for subscribers only—unlock specifics and ETFs by signing up for a free two-week trial).

Meets Expectations If: There are no changes. The median dots still signal a December rate hike is expected, but one or two Fed officials change their dot to reflect just two rate hikes in 2017. That would imply a December rate hike is far from certain (matching the market’s current expectation) and it would be taken as mildly dovish.

Likely Market Reaction. Stocks: Cyclicals and bank stocks would likely see some…(withheld for subscribers only—unlock specifics and ETFs by signing up for a free two-week trial).

Dovish If: The dots show that more than four Fed voters switch their dot to reflect no rate hike in December. That would effectively put a December rate hike off the table.

Likely Market Reaction. Stocks: A decidedly week (on a sector level). Stocks would likely rally in an
algo-driven…(withheld for subscribers only—unlock specifics and ETFs by signing up for a free two-week trial).

Wildcard to Watch: Balance sheet reduction. Everyone expects the Fed to commence balance sheet reduction tomorrow, but they haven’t ever explicitly said they will reduce the balance sheet in September. So, there is a slim chance they might not, and that they might opt to wait for the next meeting (in November). This is a remote chance, as the Fed has clearly telegraphed the balance sheet will be reduced in September, but it’s possible for a last-minute change.

Likely Market Reaction: Very dovish…(withheld for subscribers only—unlock specifics and ETFs by signing up for a free two-week trial).

In all likelihood, this Fed meeting should meet expectations, but that will leave the market at risk to a potential hawkish surprise later as investors are not pricing in a December rate hike despite the Fed signaling it all year.

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Weekly Market Preview, September 18, 2017

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Last Week in Review

Up until Friday, last week’s data looked like it was going to show “green shoots” of an economic reflation. But disappointing economic growth numbers on Friday off-set better inflation readings from earlier in the week, and while Hurricane Harvey likely impacted the growth data, the bottom line is the data just isn’t good enough to spur a rising tide for stocks.

From a Fed standpoint, the higher inflation data did increase the likelihood that we will get a December rate hike, although the market expectation of that remains below 50%. As such, increased expectations of a rate hike in the coming weeks could be a headwind on stocks, especially if economic data doesn’t improve.

Looking at last week’s data, the most important takeaway was that inflation appears to be bottoming. Chinese, (1.8% yoy vs. (E) 1.7% yoy), British (2.7% vs. (E) 2.5%), and US CPI (0.4% m/m vs. (E) 0.3%) all firmed up and beat expectations, and while it’s just one month’s data, it’s still a break of a pretty consistent downtrend.

That turn in inflation potentially matters, a lot, because it’s making central banks become more hawkish. The ECB is going to taper QE, the Bank of England is going to raise rates sooner rather than later (more on that in Currencies), the Fed may hike again in December and the Bank of Canada was the first major central bank to give us a surprise rate hike in nearly a decade. I’m going to be covering the implications of this a lot more this week, but the times, so it seems, they are a changin’.

That makes an acceleration in economic growth now even more important. Unfortunately, the growth data from last week was disappointing. July retail sales missed on the headline (-0.2% vs. (E) 0.1%) as did the
more important “Control” group (retail sales minus autos, gas and building materials). The “control” group fell to -0.2% vs. (E) 0.3%.

Additionally, Industrial Production also was a miss. Headline IP fell to -0.9% vs. (E) 0.1% while the manufacturing subcomponent declined to -0.3% vs. (E) 0.1%. Now, to be fair, Hurricane Harvey, which hit Southeast Texas, likely skewed the numbers negatively. But, the impact of that is unclear, and we can’t just dismiss these numbers because of the hurricane.

Bottom line, the unknown impact of Hurricane Harvey keeps this week’s data from eliciting a “stagflation” scare, given firm inflation and soft growth. But if this is the start of a trend, and it can’t be blamed on Harvey or Irma, then that’s a problem for stocks down the road. We need both inflation and growth to accelerate (and at the same time) to lift stocks to material new highs.

This Week’s Preview

The two key events for markets this week will be the Fed meeting on Wednesday, and the global flash PMIs on Friday.

Starting with the Fed, normally I’d assume this meeting will be anti-climactic, but it’s one of the meetings with the “dots” and economic projections, so there is the chance we get either a hawkish or dovish surprise. I’ll do my full FOMC Preview in tomorrow’s report, but the point here is don’t be fooled into a false sense of security if people you read say this meeting is going to be a non-event. It very well could be, but there’s a betterthan-expected chance for a surprise, too (and if I had to guess which way, I’d say it’d be a hawkish surprise… and that could hit stocks).

Turning then to the upcoming data, given the new-found incremental hawkishness of global central banks, strong growth data is more important than ever to avoid stagflation. We’ll want to see firm global manufacturing PMIs to keep stagflation concerns at bay. Looking more specifically at the US, Philly Fed comes Thursday and that will give us anecdotal insight into manufacturing activity, although the national flash PMI out the next day will effectively steal the thunder from the Philly report.

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Is an Economic Reflation Finally Starting, September 15, 2017

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Assuming that North Korea is another temporary headwind on stocks (and again it will be temporary as long as they don’t shoot a missile at Guam), then the bigger story of the week is the outperformance of the cyclical sectors and the underperformance of YTD sector outperformers (super-cap internet, utilities, etc.).

I continue to believe that if we are going to see the stock market extend this 2017 rally, it will have to be driven by the expectation of an economic reflation. And, after months of lack luster inflation data, this week provided some hope for that cause. Now, today’s growth data needs to be better than expected to complete the week.

But, even then, one month does not make a trend—so I’m not saying abandon utilities, healthcare and super cap internet for banks and small caps. All I’m saying is that we need to be prepared to make a switch, if we get the compelling signals in the near future.

Regardless, the upcoming economic data (especially the Core PCE Price Index at the end of the month) just got a lot more important.

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CPI Preview, September 14, 2017

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I normally don’t do CPI previews (sometimes if it’s a non-event number, I won’t even bother you with a CPI review), but this number is different for two reasons.

First, the fledgling hopes of an economic reflation have pushed stocks to new highs. Second, if this CPI report does meet or beat estimates, then it might continue the sector rotation that has seen cyclical sectors (banks in particular) outperform this week at the expense of YTD outperformers such as utilities, healthcare and super-cap internet. So, it will raise the question of whether a tactical rotation is necessary.

Hawkish If: Core CPI beats the 0.2% m/m expectation.
Likely Market Reaction (assuming it’s a small beat): Stocks should continue to rally. Look for Treasury yields and the dollar to continue to rally, and for..(withheld for subscribers only—unlock specifics and ETFs by signing up for a free two-week trial).

Neutral If: Headline CPI meets the 0.3% m/m expectation while core CPI meets the 0.2% m/m expectation. Likely Market Reaction: A mild continuance of the…(withheld for subscribers only—unlock specifics and ETFs by signing up for a free two-week trial).

Dovish If: CPI misses the headline or core expectations of 0.3% m/m or 0.2% m/m. Likely Market Reaction: An unwind of the…(withheld for subscribers only—unlock specifics and ETFs by signing up for a free two-week trial).

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Green Shoots of A Global Reflation, September 13, 2017

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Are We Seeing “Green Shoots” of A Global Reflation?
• Chinese August CPI rose 1.8% yoy vs. (E) 1.7% yoy.
• British Core CPI rose 2.7% vs. (E) 2.5% yoy.

Takeaway

Are there “green shoots” of inflation? I reference the Bernanke comments regarding economic growth here, because very quietly we’ve seen two better-than-expected inflation numbers in two big economies (technically three if you count the uptick in Indian CPI, although that’s not widely followed).

August Chinese CPI beat (it came out Friday but couldn’t be priced in until markets opened on Monday) but it was the big uptick in core British CPI that saw the market extend the rally on Tuesday.

So, the logical question, given these two surprise beats is, “Will US CPI also surprise markets?”

The inclination is to believe in the trend, but to be clear, higher Chinese and British CPIs have no real bearing on US CPI—so strong numbers in those two reports don’t increase the likelihood of a strong CPI number.

But, if it comes, expect some potentially big market moves across Treasury yields, the dollar, and in stock
sector trading (banks and cyclicals will scream higher while defensives, including parts of tech, will likely badly lag). But again, that will depend on tomorrow’s number.

From a market standpoint, looking at the effects of the strong Chinese and British CPI, the clear ETF winner is…(withheld for subscribers only—unlock specifics and ETFs by signing up for a free two-week trial).

I continue to believe that an economic reflation (better growth, higher inflation) remains the key to a sustained US and global stock rally. And while two numbers don’t make a trend, they were the first positive surprises we’ve had on inflation in months, and we think that’s potentially very important (if it continues).

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New Stock Highs, September 12, 2017

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Stocks surged to a new record high on Monday after the damage from Hurricane Irma wasn’t as bad as feared, and in the absence of North Korea performing an ICBM test over the weekend. The S&P 500 rose 1.08%.

Stocks were higher from the start on Monday thanks to the two aforementioned positive catalysts: Hurricane Irma and North Korea. Both events turned out to be not as bad as feared, and that caused a classic “buyers chasing” rally.

Reflecting the fact that it was those two “not negative” macro catalysts that sent stocks higher on Monday was the fact that the S&P 500 gapped higher at the open and rallied throughout the morning on that buyers chase. Then, stocks spent the afternoon grinding sideways near the day’s highs.

Outside of Irma/North Korea, there weren’t any notable catalysts in the markets Monday. Economic data was non-existent, as was any notable political or geopolitical news (outside of North Korea). Also helping stocks rally was the fact that the week’s important events (CPI, Retail Sales, Industrial Production) are on Thursday and Friday, and there aren’t many looming catalysts on the calendar between now and then.

Stocks maintained their gains into the close to finish the day at a new all-time high.

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